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Intermediate · 19-bosqich

Reported speech: darak gaplar (say, tell, zamon siljishi)

Birovning gapini reported speech da aytasiz: say va tell ni farqlaysiz, zamonni bir pog'ona orqaga siljitasiz (am - was, will - would), olmosh va vaqt so'zlarini (tomorrow - the next day) to'g'ri almashtirasiz.

Dars so'zlari

InglizchaTalaffuzO'zbekcha
explain/ɪkˈspleɪn/tushuntirmoq
remark/rɪˈmɑːk/fikr bildirmoq, izoh bermoq
complain/kəmˈpleɪn/shikoyat qilmoq
boast/bəʊst/maqtanmoq
insist/ɪnˈsɪst/turib olmoq
inform/ɪnˈfɔːm/xabardor qilmoq
rumour/ˈruː.mər/mish-mish
assure/əˈʃɔːr/ishontirmoq, kafolat bermoq
gossip/ˈɡɒs.ɪp/g'iybat, mish-mish
declare/dɪˈkleər/e'lon qilmoq, rasman bildirmoq

Asosiy xulosalar

  • Reported speech: tirnoq yo'q, oddiy gap tartibi, odatda zamon bir pog'ona orqaga: "I'm tired." → She said she was tired.
  • Zamon siljishi: Present Simple → Past Simple; Present Perfect va Past Simple → Past Perfect; will → would, can → could, must → had to.
  • Vaqt va joy: now → then, tomorrow → the next day, yesterday → the day before, here → there, this → that.
  • say + gap (kishisiz); tell + kishi: He told me…. Xato: ~~He said me~~, ~~He told to me~~.
  • Aytilgan gap hamon haqiqat bo'lsa yoki says hozirgi zamonda bo'lsa, siljitish shart emas.

19-bosqich: Hikoya aytish va gapni ko'chirish: Past Perfect, reported speech

  1. Past Perfect: o'tmishdan oldin nima bo'lgan edi
  2. Past Perfect yoki Past Simple? Before, after, by the time
  3. Hikoya zamonlari birga: Past Simple, Continuous, Perfect
  4. Reported speech: darak gaplar (say, tell, zamon siljishi)
  5. Ko'chirma savollar, iltimos va buyruqlar
  6. Reporting fe'llari: suggest, promise, admit, deny, warn
  7. Voqea haqida xabar berish: yo'l hodisasi, o'g'rilik
  8. Yangiliklar va ommaviy axborot: so'zlar va sarlavhalar
  9. Hikoyada bog'lovchilar: suddenly, meanwhile, eventually, in the end
  10. Tinglash va gapirish: yangiliklar ma'ruzasi
  11. Shikoyat qilish: mahsulot yoki xizmatdan norozilik
  12. Yozish: qiziqarli hikoya
  13. O'qish va yozish: yangilik maqolasi
  14. Bosqich takrori: hikoya va ko'chirma gap
  15. Hikoya va ko'chirma gap: yakuniy takror

Qoida va qo'shimcha o'qish

Reported Speech: ko'chirma gapni o'zlashtirma gapga aylantirish: qoidaning to'liq izohi, misollar va o'zbek tilidagi tipik xatolar.