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Intermediate · 19-bosqich

Past Perfect: o'tmishdan oldin nima bo'lgan edi

Past Perfect (had + V3) ni yasaysiz va o'tmishdagi ikki voqeadan oldin bo'lganini to'g'ri ifodalaysiz: When I arrived, the film had already started. Inkor, savol va never, already, just, yet bilan ishlata olasiz.

Dars so'zlari

InglizchaTalaffuzO'zbekcha
burst into tears/bɜːst ˈɪn.tuː tɪəz/yig'lab yubormoq
spot/spɒt/ko'rib qolmoq, payqab qolmoq
run out of/rʌn aʊt əv/...i tugab qolmoq
recognise/ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/tanimoq
disappear/ˌdɪs.əˈpɪər/g'oyib bo'lmoq
get lost/ɡet lɒst/adashib qolmoq
misplace/ˌmɪsˈpleɪs/qayoqqadir qo'yib yo'qotmoq
set off/set ɒf/yo'lga chiqmoq
leave behind/liːv bɪˈhaɪnd/qoldirib ketmoq
double-check/ˌdʌb.əl ˈtʃek/yana bir bor tekshirmoq

Asosiy xulosalar

  • Past Perfect = had + V3 (had finished, had gone). Hamma shaxs uchun bir xil: I had, she had, they had.
  • U o'tmishdagi ikki voqeadan oldin bo'lganini ko'rsatadi: When I arrived, the train had left.
  • Inkor: hadn't + V3. Savol: Had + ega + V3? Qisqa javob: Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't.
  • already, just, never ... before, yet, ever — had dan keyin keladi: She had already left.
  • Xatolar: ~~I had went~~ (to'g'risi had gone); Past Perfect ni yolg'iz va aniq vaqt bilan ishlatmang.

19-bosqich: Hikoya aytish va gapni ko'chirish: Past Perfect, reported speech

  1. Past Perfect: o'tmishdan oldin nima bo'lgan edi
  2. Past Perfect yoki Past Simple? Before, after, by the time
  3. Hikoya zamonlari birga: Past Simple, Continuous, Perfect
  4. Reported speech: darak gaplar (say, tell, zamon siljishi)
  5. Ko'chirma savollar, iltimos va buyruqlar
  6. Reporting fe'llari: suggest, promise, admit, deny, warn
  7. Voqea haqida xabar berish: yo'l hodisasi, o'g'rilik
  8. Yangiliklar va ommaviy axborot: so'zlar va sarlavhalar
  9. Hikoyada bog'lovchilar: suddenly, meanwhile, eventually, in the end
  10. Tinglash va gapirish: yangiliklar ma'ruzasi
  11. Shikoyat qilish: mahsulot yoki xizmatdan norozilik
  12. Yozish: qiziqarli hikoya
  13. O'qish va yozish: yangilik maqolasi
  14. Bosqich takrori: hikoya va ko'chirma gap
  15. Hikoya va ko'chirma gap: yakuniy takror

Qoida va qo'shimcha o'qish

Past Perfect: o'tmishdan oldin bo'lgan voqea: qoidaning to'liq izohi, misollar va o'zbek tilidagi tipik xatolar.