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Intermediate · 19-bosqich

Past Perfect yoki Past Simple? Before, after, by the time

O'tmishdagi ikki voqeadan qaysi biri oldin bo'lganini ko'rsatasiz: oldingisiga Past Perfect, keyingisiga Past Simple ishlatasiz va before, after, by the time, as soon as so'zlarini to'g'ri qo'llaysiz (By the time we arrived, the film had started.).

Dars so'zlari

InglizchaTalaffuzO'zbekcha
by the time/baɪ ðə taɪm/...ga kelib, ...gacha (vaqtga kelib)
by then/baɪ ðen/o'sha vaqtga kelib
turn up/tɜːn ʌp/kelib qolmoq, paydo bo'lmoq
turn out/tɜːn aʊt/bo'lib chiqmoq
not long after/nɒt lɒŋ ˈɑːf.tər/...dan ko'p o'tmay

Asosiy xulosalar

  • Oldin bo'lgan ish — Past Perfect (had left), keyin bo'lgan ish — Past Simple (arrived).
  • before / after tartibni o'zi ko'rsatadi: ikkalasi Past Simple bo'lishi ham mumkin. Ketma-ket ishlarni ikkala bo'lakda ham Past Perfect qilmang.
  • By the time + Past Simple, asosiy gap — Past Perfect: By the time we arrived, the shop had closed.
  • as soon as (...ishi bilan), by then (o'sha vaqtga kelib), turn out, realise — hikoyada foydali.

19-bosqich: Hikoya aytish va gapni ko'chirish: Past Perfect, reported speech

  1. Past Perfect: o'tmishdan oldin nima bo'lgan edi
  2. Past Perfect yoki Past Simple? Before, after, by the time
  3. Hikoya zamonlari birga: Past Simple, Continuous, Perfect
  4. Reported speech: darak gaplar (say, tell, zamon siljishi)
  5. Ko'chirma savollar, iltimos va buyruqlar
  6. Reporting fe'llari: suggest, promise, admit, deny, warn
  7. Voqea haqida xabar berish: yo'l hodisasi, o'g'rilik
  8. Yangiliklar va ommaviy axborot: so'zlar va sarlavhalar
  9. Hikoyada bog'lovchilar: suddenly, meanwhile, eventually, in the end
  10. Tinglash va gapirish: yangiliklar ma'ruzasi
  11. Shikoyat qilish: mahsulot yoki xizmatdan norozilik
  12. Yozish: qiziqarli hikoya
  13. O'qish va yozish: yangilik maqolasi
  14. Bosqich takrori: hikoya va ko'chirma gap
  15. Hikoya va ko'chirma gap: yakuniy takror