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Intermediate · 20-bosqich

O'tgan zamon modallari: should have, could have, needn't have

should have, could have, needn't have bilan o'tgan zamondagi ishlarni baholaysiz (You should have called me. We could have won. You needn't have waited.) va ularni third conditional bilan bog'laysiz.

Dars so'zlari

InglizchaTalaffuzO'zbekcha
waste/weɪst/behuda sarflamoq, isrof qilmoq
oversleep/ˌəʊ.vəˈsliːp/uxlab qolmoq
rush/rʌʃ/shoshilmoq
neglect/nɪˈɡlekt/e'tiborsiz qoldirmoq
overlook/ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊk/ko'rmay qolmoq, e'tibor bermay o'tib ketmoq

Asosiy xulosalar

  • should have + V3 — qilish kerak edi (qilinmagan); shouldn't have + V3 — qilmaslik kerak edi (qilingan).
  • could have + V3 — o'tgan zamonda imkoniyat bor edi; needn't have + V3 — qilingan, lekin keraksiz bo'lgan.
  • have o'zgarmaydi, ortidan V3: should have gone, could have called. should has va could have went — xato.
  • Third conditional bilan bir fikr: If I had left earlier, I would have caught it = I should have left earlier.
  • Yangi so'zlar: waste, oversleep, rush, neglect, overlook.

20-bosqich: Imkoniyatlar va tasavvur: shart gaplar, wish, taxmin

  1. Second conditional: xayoliy vaziyatlar (If I were…, I would…)
  2. I wish…: hozirgi va o'tgan zamon orzu-pushaymonligi
  3. First yoki second conditional? Unless, as long as, provided
  4. Third conditional: o'tgan zamon pushaymonligi
  5. Taxmin modallari: must, might, can't (must have been)
  6. O'tgan zamon modallari: should have, could have, needn't have
  7. Do'stga maslahat berish: muammoli vaziyat
  8. Orzu, intilish va his-tuyg'ular lug'ati
  9. Maslahat va taklif: should, ought to, had better, If I were you
  10. Tinglash va gapirish: qiyin tanlov
  11. Uzr so'rash va pushaymonlik bildirish
  12. Yozish: maslahat xati
  13. O'qish va yozish: maslahat ustuni
  14. Bosqich takrori: shart gaplar va modallar
  15. Imkoniyatlar: yakuniy takror