Scorify.uzSecond conditional: xayoliy vaziyat
Tuzilishi: If + Past Simple, would + fe'l. Bu yerda Past Simple o'tgan zamonni emas, «haqiqatga to'g'ri kelmaydigan» vaziyatni bildiradi. Gap hozirgi yoki kelajak haqida ketadi.
Masalan, siz hozir million dollarga ega emassiz. Shuning uchun «If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house» deymiz. O'zbekchada: «Agar mening million dollarim bo'lsa edi, uy sotib olgan bo'lardim.»
- If I had more free time, I would learn the guitar. — Agar bo'sh vaqtim ko'proq bo'lsa edi, gitara o'rganardim.
- She would travel more if she earned more. — U ko'proq maosh olsa edi, ko'proq sayohat qilardi.
- What would you do if you lost your phone? — Telefoningizni yo'qotib qo'ysangiz, nima qilardingiz?
If I were: nega «was» emas?
Second conditional da to be fe'li barcha shaxslar bilan were shaklini oladi: If I were, If he were, If it were. Kundalik nutqda If I was ham uchraydi, lekin imtihon va yozma ishda were xavfsizroq tanlov.
Maslahat berishda ham shu qolip ishlatiladi: «If I were you, I would...» («Sizning o'rningizda bo'lsam, ...»).
- If I were you, I would apply for that job. — Sizning o'rningizda bo'lsam, o'sha ishga hujjat topshirardim.
- If he were taller, he could play basketball. — U bo'yi balandroq bo'lsa edi, basketbol o'ynay olardi.
Third conditional: o'tmishdagi pushaymonlik
Tuzilishi: If + Past Perfect (had + V3), would have + V3. Bu qolip o'tmishda sodir bo'lmagan yoki boshqacha bo'lgan voqea haqida: natijani endi o'zgartirib bo'lmaydi.
Masalan, siz kechikdingiz va poyezdga ulgurmadingiz. «If I had left earlier, I would have caught the train» — «Ertaroq chiqqanimda edi, poyezdga ulgurgan bo'lardim.»
- If we had booked earlier, the tickets would have been cheaper. — Oldinroq band qilganimizda, chiptalar arzonroq bo'lardi.
- He wouldn't have failed if he had studied harder. — U qattiqroq o'qiganida, yiqilmagan bo'lardi.
- If I hadn't missed the bus, I wouldn't have been late. — Avtobusga kechikmaganimda, kech qolmagan bo'lardim.
Uchala turni solishtirish
Qaysi turni tanlashni bitta savol hal qiladi: bu voqea hali bo'lishi mumkinmi? Agar ha bo'lsa, first conditional. Agar hozir yoki kelajakda amalda yo'q bo'lsa, second. Agar vaqt o'tib ketgan bo'lsa, third.
| Tur | Tuzilishi | Ma'nosi |
|---|---|---|
| First | If + Present, will + fe'l | Real imkoniyat: If it rains, I will stay home. |
| Second | If + Past Simple, would + fe'l | Xayoliy hozirgi/kelajak: If I had a car, I would drive. |
| Third | If + Past Perfect, would have + V3 | O'tgan, o'zgarmas: If I had known, I would have called. |
Wish: orzu va pushaymonlik
Wish ham xuddi shu mantiqqa amal qiladi. Hozirgi holat haqida wish + Past Simple: «I wish I lived near the sea» (yashasam edi). O'tmish haqida wish + Past Perfect: «I wish I had studied medicine» (o'qiganimda edi).
Boshqaning odatidan norozilikda wish + would: «I wish he would stop smoking.» Bu yerda kelajakda o'zgarish umidi bor.
- I wish I could speak French. — Fransuzchada gapira olsam edi.
- She wishes she had taken that job. — U o'sha ishni qabul qilganida edi, deb afsuslanadi.
- I wish it would stop raining. — Yomg'ir to'xtasa edi.
Aralash shart gaplar
Ba'zan o'tmishdagi sabab hozirgi natijaga ta'sir qiladi. Shunda If + Past Perfect, would + fe'l ishlatiladi: «If I had saved money, I would be rich now.» Bu o'tmishdagi sabab va hozirgi natijani bog'laydi.
- If she had accepted the offer, she would live in London now. — U taklifni qabul qilganida, hozir Londonda yashagan bo'lardi.
Real hayotda qanday ishlatamiz?
Second conditional taklif, maslahat va muloyim iltimosda juda ko'p uchraydi. «Would you mind if I opened the window?» yoki «It would be great if you could help» kabi iboralar gapni yumshoqroq qiladi. IELTS Speaking da ham «If I could change one thing about my city, I would...» kabi javoblar fikringizni boy ko'rsatadi.
Third conditional esa ko'pincha hikoya va pushaymonlikda keladi. Ammo uni haddan tashqari ko'p ishlatmang: bir-ikkita aniq misol suhbatni tabiiy qiladi. Ikkala qolipda ham asosiy narsa shart qismida to'g'ri zamonni tanlash, qolgani oson.
- If I could live anywhere, I would choose Samarkand. — Xohlagan joyda yashay olsam, Samarqandni tanlardim.
- If I had known about the exam, I would have prepared. — Imtihon haqida bilganimda, tayyorlanardim.
- Would you be angry if I told you the truth? — Haqiqatni aytsam, g'azablanmaysizmi?
O'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun tipik xatolar
- O'zbekcha «-sa edi» ni ikkala turda ham ishlatamiz, shuning uchun ingliz tilida ham bir xil qolipni ishlatib yuboramiz. Esda tuting: hozirgi xayol uchun Past Simple, o'tgan xayol uchun Past Perfect.
- If dan keyin would qo'ymang: «If I would have money» xato, to'g'risi «If I had money, I would...». Would faqat natija qismida keladi.
- Third conditional da ikkala qismga ham o'tgan shakl kerak: «If I would have known» emas, «If I had known, I would have called».
- «If I was you» ni yozma ishda ishlatmang. Talab etiladigan shakl: If I were you.
- Past Simple shartda o'tgan zamonni bildirmaydi. «If I had a car» — «Menda mashina bo'lsa edi» (hozir yo'q), «menda mashina bor edi» emas.