Scorify.uzAsosiy qolip
Passive ning formulasi: be (kerakli zamonda) + fe'lning V3 shakli (past participle). Zamonni be fe'li ko'rsatadi, ma'noni V3 beradi.
Active gapda: «Workers built the bridge.» Passive da: «The bridge was built (by workers).» Active dagi to'ldiruvchi (the bridge) passive da ega bo'lib qoladi.
- Active: The company makes these phones. — Kompaniya bu telefonlarni ishlab chiqaradi.
- Passive: These phones are made in Vietnam. — Bu telefonlar Vyetnamda ishlab chiqariladi.
Zamonlar bo'yicha shakllar
Present Continuous da ham passive bor: «The house is being painted» (Uy bo'yalmoqda). Lekin bu shakl kamroq uchraydi, uni keyinroq o'rganish mumkin.
| Zamon | Shakl | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | am / is / are + V3 | English is spoken here. |
| Past Simple | was / were + V3 | The window was broken yesterday. |
| Future Simple | will be + V3 | The results will be announced on Friday. |
| Present Perfect | has / have been + V3 | The road has been repaired. |
| Modal | can / must / should be + V3 | The form must be signed. |
Hozirgi va o'tgan zamon
Hozirgi zamonda umumiy faktlar, ishlab chiqarish va qoidalar haqida gapirishda passive ko'p ishlatiladi. O'tgan zamonda tarixiy voqealar, yangiliklar va hodisalar haqida gapirishda.
Inkor shaklda not be fe'lidan keyin qo'yiladi, savolda be gap boshiga chiqadi: «Was the letter sent?» «Where is rice grown?»
- Cotton is grown in Uzbekistan. — Paxta O'zbekistonda yetishtiriladi.
- The museum was opened in 1998. — Muzey 1998 yilda ochilgan.
- Were the tickets paid for? — Chiptalar uchun pul to'langanmi?
Kelasi va Perfect zamonlarda
Kelajakda will be + V3 ishlatiladi: «The new library will be opened next month». Present Perfect passive (has been done) natija hozir ham muhim bo'lganda keladi: «My bike has been stolen» (velosipedim o'g'irlab ketilgan, endi yo'q).
- The meeting will be held online. — Yig'ilish onlayn o'tkaziladi.
- Your order has been sent. — Buyurtmangiz yuborildi.
- The problem hasn't been solved yet. — Muammo hali hal qilinmagan.
By bilan ijrochi: qachon yozamiz?
Ijrochini by bilan faqat u muhim yoki yangi ma'lumot bo'lsa qo'shamiz: «The novel was written by Abdulla Qodiriy.» Agar ijrochi noma'lum, ahamiyatsiz yoki hammaga ayon bo'lsa, by qismi tushiriladi: «My car was stolen.»
- The song was composed by a young student. — Qo'shiqni yosh talaba bastalagan.
Passive ni qachon tanlaymiz?
- Ijrochi noma'lum yoki muhim emas: The shop was robbed last night.
- Natija harakat qiluvchidan muhimroq: The bridge was finished in May.
- Rasmiy va ilmiy uslub: Samples were collected and analysed.
- E'lonlar va qoidalar: Smoking is not allowed.
- Gapni ob'ekt bilan boshlash kerak bo'lganda: Passive ko'proq tabiiy eshitiladi.
Passive ni active bilan solishtirish
Passive ni yasash uchun avval active gapni toping, so'ng to'ldiruvchini ega qilib oldinga chiqaring, be fe'lini zamonga moslab qo'ying va asosiy fe'lni V3 ga o'tkazing. Ijrochini oxirga by bilan qo'shish mumkin, lekin shart emas.
Passive har doim yaxshi emas. Agar ijrochi gapda muhim bo'lsa va gap qisqa bo'lsa, active tabiiyroq eshitiladi. Yozma ishlarda, ayniqsa IELTS Task 1 da jarayonni tasvirlashda passive juda foydali: «The water is heated and then filtered».
- Tekshirish tartibi: 1) ijrochi kim? 2) harakatga uchragan narsa nima? 3) qaysi zamon? 4) be + V3.
- Active: People speak Spanish in Mexico. Passive: Spanish is spoken in Mexico.
- Gapda ikki ob'ekt bo'lsa (give, send, show), ikkala variant ham mumkin: I was given a ticket / A ticket was given to me.
- Get passive: «He got fired» — og'zaki nutqda kutilmagan voqea uchun ishlatiladi.
- Rasmiy xatlarda passive muloyim eshitiladi: Your application has been received.
- The students were given extra homework. — Talabalarga qo'shimcha uy vazifasi berildi.
- A new hospital is being built near our house. — Uyimiz yaqinida yangi shifoxona qurilmoqda.
- The email should be sent today. — Xat bugun yuborilishi kerak.
- English is spoken all over the world. — Ingliz tilida butun dunyoda gaplashiladi.
O'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun tipik xatolar
- Faqat V3 ni qo'yib be ni tushirib qoldirish: «The house built in 1990» emas, «The house was built in 1990».
- O'zbek tilida «u meni chaqirdi» ma'nosida passive yasash: «I was called by him» to'g'ri, lekin tabiiy emas. Ijrochi muhim bo'lmasa active ni afzal ko'ring.
- Intransitive fe'llardan passive yasash mumkin emas: «The accident was happened» xato. Happen, arrive, die, go kabi fe'llar passive da ishlatilmaydi.
- Zamonni noto'g'ri tanlash: «It is built in 2005» emas, «It was built in 2005».
- V3 ni noto'g'ri yasash: «The window was break» emas, «was broken». Tartibsiz fe'llarni yodlang.