Scorify.uzFe'l + -ing
Ba'zi fe'llardan keyin faqat gerund (-ing) keladi. Bular ko'pincha his-tuyg'u, to'xtatish va hozirgi faoliyat bilan bog'liq fe'llar: enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, keep, suggest, practise, give up.
Esda saqlash uchun: ular "jarayon"ni bildiradi, harakatning o'zi haqida.
- I enjoy walking in the evening. — Kechqurun sayr qilishni yoqtiraman.
- She finished writing the report. — U hisobotni yozib bo'ldi.
- Do you mind opening the window? — Derazani ochsangiz bo'ladimi?
Fe'l + to-infinitive
Boshqa fe'llardan keyin to + fe'l keladi. Bular odatda qaror, reja, istak va maqsad bilan bog'liq: decide, plan, want, hope, agree, refuse, manage, promise, afford, need.
Ular "kelajak"ga qaratilgan: hali bajarilmagan harakat.
- We decided to move to a bigger flat. — Kattaroq kvartiraga ko'chishga qaror qildik.
- He refused to answer the question. — U savolga javob berishdan bosh tortdi.
- I can't afford to buy a new car. — Yangi mashina sotib olishga qurbim yetmaydi.
Ikkalasi bilan ham keladigan fe'llar
Like, love, hate, prefer, start, begin fe'llaridan keyin ikkala shakl ham mumkin, ma'no deyarli bir xil: «I like swimming / I like to swim». Britaniya inglizchasida like doing ko'proq umumiy zavq, like to do esa odat yoki to'g'ri deb hisoblangan ish haqida.
- It started raining. / It started to rain. — Yomg'ir yog'a boshladi.
Ma'nosi o'zgaradigan fe'llar
Stop, remember, forget, try fe'llarida shakl ma'noni o'zgartiradi. Bu eng ko'p xato qilinadigan joy.
| Fe'l | + -ing | + to |
|---|---|---|
| stop | to'xtatmoq: He stopped smoking. (chekishni tashladi) | to'xtab biror ish qilmoq: He stopped to smoke. (chekish uchun to'xtadi) |
| remember | esda bor: I remember locking the door. (qulflaganim esimda) | esdan chiqarmaslik: Remember to lock the door. (qulflashni unutma) |
| forget | unutgan: I'll never forget meeting her. | eslay olmagan: I forgot to call him. |
| try | sinab ko'rmoq: Try restarting it. | urinmoq: I tried to open it but couldn't. |
Predloglardan keyin faqat -ing
Predlogdan keyin fe'l doim -ing shaklida keladi: interested in learning, good at cooking, before leaving, thank you for helping. Bu yerda o'zbek tilidagi «-ish» (o'qishga, ishlashdan) shakliga o'xshash gerund ishlatiladi.
Diqqat: «look forward to» dagi to infinitive belgisi emas, predlog, shuning uchun undan keyin ham -ing keladi: I look forward to meeting you.
- She is afraid of flying. — U uchishdan qo'rqadi.
- I look forward to hearing from you. — Sizdan xabar kutaman.
Gerund ega sifatida
Gerund otga o'xshab gap egasi bo'lishi mumkin: «Reading helps you relax». Bu o'zbekcha «O'qish dam olishga yordam beradi» ga mos keladi.
- Swimming is good for your back. — Suzish belingiz uchun foydali.
Eslab qolish uchun amaliy maslahat
Gerund va infinitive ni hamma fe'l uchun alohida yodlash shart emas. Avval eng ko'p ishlatiladigan 15-20 fe'lni bilsangiz, ko'p holatni yopasiz: enjoy, mind, finish, avoid, suggest, keep + -ing va want, need, decide, hope, plan, learn, would like + to.
Yangi fe'lni o'rganganda uni doim qolipi bilan yozing: «suggest doing», «promise to do». Shunda keyinroq xatoga yo'l qo'ymaysiz. O'zbek tilida ikki fe'l ketma-ket kelganda shakl odatda o'zgarmaydi, shuning uchun qolipni fe'l bilan birga yodlash eng ishonchli yo'l.
- Tez ro'yxat (+ -ing): enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, suggest, keep, practise, consider.
- Tez ro'yxat (+ to): want, need, decide, hope, plan, agree, learn, manage, refuse.
- Ikkala shakl: like, love, hate, prefer, start, begin.
- Ma'no o'zgaradi: stop, remember, forget, try, regret.
- Mashq: kundalik hayotingiz haqida o'zingizga 5 ta gap tuzing: I enjoy..., I hope..., I avoid..., I plan..., I'm interested in...
- Xatolarni yozib boring: har bir noto'g'ri qolip uchun to'g'risini yonida qayd eting.
- Yangi fe'lni lug'atdan o'qiganda qolipiga qarang: V+ing yoki V+to belgisi yozilgan bo'ladi.
- I would like to book a table for two. — Ikki kishilik stol band qilmoqchiman.
- He avoids eating fast food. — U fast food yeyishdan qochadi.
- She learned to drive at the age of 18. — U 18 yoshida mashina haydashni o'rgandi.
- They keep asking the same question. — Ular bir xil savolni berishda davom etishyapti.
O'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun tipik xatolar
- Enjoy dan keyin to qo'yish: «I enjoy to read» xato, «I enjoy reading» to'g'ri.
- Decide, want, hope dan keyin -ing qo'yish: «I want going» emas, «I want to go».
- Stop doing bilan stop to do ni aralashtirish: ular butunlay boshqa ma'no beradi.
- Look forward to dan keyin fe'l: «I look forward to meet you» xato; to bu yerda predlog, «meeting» kerak.
- Suggest dan keyin to qo'yish: «He suggested to go» emas, «He suggested going».