Beginner · grammatika

Can, must, should: modal fe'llar qoidasi

Modal fe'llar (can, must, should va boshqalar) imkoniyat, majburiyat va maslahatni ifodalaydi. Ularning ikki muhim xususiyati bor: shaxsga qarab o'zgarmaydi va keyingi fe'l to siz, asl shaklda keladi.

Can: qila olish, ruxsat

I can swim. — Men suza olaman.
She can't drive. — U mashina haydamaydi (haydashni bilmaydi).
Can I open the window? — Derazani ochsam bo'ladimi?

Must va have to: majburiyat

Must — shaxsiy yoki qat'iy majburiyat, have to — tashqi qoida bo'yicha zarurat. Mustn't — taqiq, don't have to — shart emas.

You must wear a seat belt. — Xavfsizlik kamarini taqish shart.
I have to get up early on Mondays. — Dushanba kunlari erta turishim kerak.
You mustn't smoke here. — Bu yerda chekish mumkin emas.
You don't have to come. — Kelishingiz shart emas.

Should: maslahat

You should drink more water. — Ko'proq suv ichishingiz kerak (maslahat).
He shouldn't stay up late. — U kech yotmasligi kerak.

Tuzilish qoidasi

Modal + asl fe'l: She can swim (swims, swimming emas).
Inkor: can't, mustn't, shouldn't. Savol: Can you...? Should I...?
-s qo'shilmaydi: He can (cans emas).

O'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun tipik xatolar

Modaldan keyin to yo'q: «I can to swim» emas, «I can swim».
Mustn't (taqiq) va don't have to (shart emas) ma'nosi butunlay boshqacha.
Modal fe'lga -s qo'shilmaydi: «He cans» emas, «He can».

Ko'p beriladigan savollar

Must va have to ni qanday farqlash kerak?

Must — gapiruvchining fikri («Men shunday hisoblayman»), have to — qoida yoki vaziyat talabi. Kundalik nutqda ko'pincha have to ishlatiladi.

Could va can farqi nima?

Could — can ning o'tgan zamon shakli (I could swim at five) va muloyim iltimos (Could you help me?).

Boshqa qoidalar

Present Simple: hozirgi oddiy zamon qoidasi

Kelasi zamon: will va going to farqi

Barcha qoidalar

Darsga o'tish

Kursda bu mavzu: can / can't: qobiliyat va iltimos (Beginner). Barcha darslar: ingliz tili darslari.