Plastic waste in the oceans: IELTS Writing Task 2 sample essay

Every year, millions of tonnes of plastic enter the world's oceans, creating a growing environmental crisis. This essay will discuss the main problems caused by plastic waste and suggest measures to reduce it.

The most visible problem is the harm to marine life. Turtles, birds and fish often swallow plastic or become trapped in it, and many die as a result. Over time, plastic breaks into tiny pieces called microplastics, which enter the food chain and eventually reach humans through seafood. Plastic pollution also damages beaches, reducing income from tourism, and clogs the nets and engines of fishing boats.

There are several solutions. Governments can ban or tax single-use plastics such as bags and straws and improve waste collection, especially in countries where rubbish is dumped near rivers. Companies should design packaging that is easier to recycle and use recycled material. Individuals can make a difference by carrying reusable bottles and bags and by taking part in beach clean-ups.

International agreements are also necessary, since waste travels across borders in ocean currents.

Innovation offers further hope. Researchers are developing packaging made from seaweed and starch, which breaks down naturally, and some companies already collect plastic from rivers before it reaches the sea. When governments give financial support to such projects, new solutions can move quickly from laboratories to everyday use, which is essential given the scale of the problem.

In conclusion, plastic pollution harms animals, people and economies, but through stricter laws, better packaging and responsible behaviour, the amount of waste entering the oceans can be reduced.