Scorify.uzSanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar
Sanaladigan otni birma-bir sanash mumkin: one apple, two apples, three apples. Ularning ko'pligi bor: book → books. Oldidan a/an qo'yiladi.
Sanalmaydigan otni sanab bo'lmaydi: suv, sut, pul, vaqt, ma'lumot. Ularning ko'plik shakli yo'q va a/an qo'yilmaydi. Fe'l birlikda keladi: The water is cold.
Eng ko'p uchraydigan sanalmaydigan otlar: water, milk, tea, coffee, rice, bread, sugar, money, time, information, advice, homework, news, furniture, luggage.
| Sanaladigan | Sanalmaydigan |
|---|---|
| an apple, three apples | rice, some rice |
| a bottle, two bottles | water, a lot of water |
| a coin, many coins | money, much money |
Some va any
Some darak gapda ishlatiladi: «bir oz, bir nechta». Any inkor va savol gaplarda ishlatiladi. Ikkalasi ham sanaladigan ko'plik ot bilan ham, sanalmaydigan ot bilan ham keladi.
Istisno: taklif va iltimosda savolda ham some aytiladi, chunki javob «ha» bo'lishini kutamiz: Would you like some tea? Can I have some water?
- There is some milk in the fridge. — Muzlatgichda biroz sut bor.
- We haven't got any eggs. — Bizda tuxum yo'q.
- Have you got any brothers or sisters? — Aka-ukangiz yoki opa-singillaringiz bormi?
- Would you like some tea? — Choy ichasizmi?
Much va many
Many sanaladigan ko'plik ot bilan, much sanalmaydigan ot bilan ishlatiladi. Ikkalasi asosan inkor va savol gaplarda keladi, shuning uchun How much...? va How many...? savollari juda ko'p uchraydi.
Darak gapda much va many o'rniga a lot of (yoki lots of) ni ishlatamiz. U ikkala turdagi ot bilan ham ishlaydi va suhbatda tabiiyroq eshitiladi.
| Ma'no | Sanaladigan | Sanalmaydigan |
|---|---|---|
| ko'p (savol, inkor) | many books | much time |
| ko'p (darak gap) | a lot of books | a lot of time |
| bir nechta / biroz | a few books | a little time |
| deyarli yo'q | few books | little time |
- How many students are in your group? — Guruhingizda nechta talaba bor?
- How much sugar do you take in tea? — Choyga qancha shakar solasiz?
- I don't have much free time. — Mening bo'sh vaqtim ko'p emas.
- She has a lot of friends in Bukhara. — Buxoroda uning ko'p do'stlari bor.
A few, a little, few, little
A few (sanaladigan) va a little (sanalmaydigan) «bir oz bor, yetarli» ma'nosini beradi, ohangi ijobiy: I have a few friends here, we meet on weekends. Boshida a bo'lmagan few va little «deyarli yo'q, yetishmaydi» degani, ohangi salbiy: I have few friends here, I feel lonely.
- There is a little soup left. Do you want it? — Biroz sho'rva qoldi. Xohlaysizmi?
- He has little money, so he walks to work. — Uning puli kam, shuning uchun ishga piyoda boradi.
Ovqat va do'konda: amaliy gaplar
Bu so'zlar eng ko'p do'konda, kafeda va uyda ishlatiladi. Narx va miqdorni so'rash uchun How much / How many, buyurtma berish uchun some va a lot of kerak bo'ladi. Oddiy namunalarni yodlab oling, keyin otni almashtirib mashq qiling. Masalan, I need some water gapida water o'rniga milk, bread yoki sugar qo'ying; I need some apples gapida esa eggs yoki bananas qo'ying.
Ko'pchilik sanalmaydigan otning o'zi bilan miqdor so'zini ishlatmoqchi bo'lganda idish yoki o'lchov so'zini qo'shadi: a bottle of water, a kilo of apples, a piece of cake. Shunda ot sanalmaydigan bo'lsa ham, miqdorni aniq aytish mumkin.
- We need some bread and a few tomatoes. — Bizga non va bir nechta pomidor kerak.
- How many kilos of rice do you want? — Necha kilo guruch kerak?
Qisqa yo'riqnoma
- Avval otga qarang: «bir, ikki, uch» deb sanasa bo'ladimi?
- Sanasa bo'ladi: many, a few, a lot of, some, any + ko'plik ot.
- Sanab bo'lmaydi: much, a little, a lot of, some, any + ot (birlikda).
- Darak gapda much va many dan qoching, a lot of ishlating.
- Miqdorni so'raganda: How many + sanaladigan, How much + sanalmaydigan. Narx so'rashda ham How much.
O'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun tipik xatolar
- O'zbek tilida «ko'p» hamma narsa uchun bitta, shuning uchun «much books» yoki «many water» xatosi ko'p uchraydi. Avval otning turini aniqlang.
- Information, advice, homework, news, furniture sanalmaydi: «informations», «an advice» deyilmaydi. To'g'risi some information, a piece of advice.
- Money va time ham sanalmaydi: «many money» xato, much money to'g'ri.
- Darak gapda «I have much friends» deb aytish: bu xato. To'g'risi I have a lot of friends.
- Inkor gapda some ishlatish: «I haven't got some bread» emas, I haven't got any bread.