Scorify.uzWho, which, that, whose, where
Who va which gapda ega yoki to'ldiruvchi vazifasida kelishi mumkin. Whose doim ot bilan birga keladi (whose bag, whose idea).
| So'z | Nima uchun | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| who | odamlar | The girl who called you is my cousin. |
| which | narsa va hayvonlar | The car which broke down is old. |
| that | odam yoki narsa (defining) | The book that I bought is great. |
| whose | egalik | The woman whose bag was stolen cried. |
| where | joy | That is the café where we met. |
Defining relative clause
Defining clause ot kimligini yoki qaysi biri ekanini aniqlaydi. Usiz gap to'liq ma'no bermaydi, shuning uchun vergul ishlatilmaydi. Bu yerda that ham ishlaydi.
«The student who won the prize is from Bukhara» — qaysi talaba ekanini aytyapmiz. Gapni olib tashlasak, «Kimdir g'olib bo'ldi» degan ma'no qoladi.
- The teacher who taught me English retired last year. — Menga ingliz tilidan dars bergan o'qituvchi o'tgan yil nafaqaga chiqdi.
- This is the shop where I bought my laptop. — Noutbukni sotib olgan do'konim shu.
- I know a girl whose father is a pilot. — Otasi uchuvchi bo'lgan qizni bilaman.
Non-defining relative clause
Non-defining clause qo'shimcha, zarur bo'lmagan ma'lumot beradi. U ikki tomondan vergul bilan ajratiladi va bu yerda that ishlatilmaydi, faqat who/which/whose/where.
«My brother, who lives in Tashkent, is a dentist» — bitta akam bor, u shu yerda yashaydi (qo'shimcha ma'lumot). Vergulsiz esa «My brother who lives in Tashkent...» bir nechta akam bor deganday eshitiladi.
- Samarkand, which is very old, attracts many tourists. — Juda qadimiy bo'lgan Samarqand ko'plab turistlarni jalb qiladi.
- Our teacher, whose English is excellent, is from Leeds. — Inglizchasi a'lo bo'lgan o'qituvchimiz Lidsdan.
Olmoshni tushirib qoldirish
Agar who/which/that relative clause ichida to'ldiruvchi bo'lsa (ya'ni undan keyin boshqa ega keladi), uni tushirib qoldirish mumkin: «The film (that) we watched was long». Agar olmosh ega bo'lsa, tushirib bo'lmaydi: «The man who called is here».
Tekshirish usuli: olmoshdan keyin ega (I, we, she, the teacher) kelsa, olmosh ixtiyoriy. Fe'l kelsa, majburiy.
- The man I met yesterday is my new boss. — Kecha uchratgan odamim yangi boshlig'im.
- Is this the book you were looking for? — Qidirib yurgan kitobingiz shumi?
Predlog bilan birga
Predlog relative clause oxirida qolishi mumkin: «The person I spoke to was kind.» Rasmiy uslubda predlog olmosh oldiga o'tadi: «The person to whom I spoke...». Kundalik nutqda birinchi variant tabiiyroq.
- That is the hotel we stayed at. — Biz to'xtagan mehmonxona o'sha.
Yozma va og'zaki nutqda
Relative clause gaplarni qisqa va ravon qiladi. Ikkita qisqa gap o'rniga bitta uzunroq gap yozsangiz, uslubingiz yaxshilanadi: «I have a friend. She works in London.» → «I have a friend who works in London.»
Ikkinchi gap birinchi gapdagi otga tegishli bo'lsa, relative clause ishlating. Faqat bir gapga ikki-uchta clause ni ketma-ket qo'ymang, o'quvchi chalg'iydi.
- Tezkor tekshiruv: ot odam bo'lsa who, narsa bo'lsa which yoki that, joy bo'lsa where, egalik bo'lsa whose.
- Vergul bor bo'lsa, that o'rniga which yoki who ishlating.
- Predlogli variant: the woman I spoke to = the woman to whom I spoke.
- Which butun gapga ham taalluqli bo'lishi mumkin: He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.
- Which dan oldin predlog kelishi mumkin: the room in which we met.
- Non-defining clause da olmosh hech qachon tushirib qoldirilmaydi: My uncle, who lives abroad, called.
- Mashq: ikki qisqa gapni bitta relative clause bilan birlashtiring va ortiqcha takrorlanayotgan otni olib tashlang.
- Aniqlik uchun: o'zbekcha «-gan» shakli ingliz tilida who, which yoki that bilan beriladi, shuning uchun har gapda bog'lovchi so'zni qoldirmang.
- She is the doctor who helped my grandfather. — U buvajonimga yordam bergan shifokor.
- The city where I grew up is very quiet. — Men o'sgan shahar juda sokin.
- The phone that I lost was brand new. — Yo'qotgan telefonim mutlaqo yangi edi.
- My laptop, which I bought last year, has stopped working. — O'tgan yil sotib olgan noutbukim ishlamay qoldi.
O'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun tipik xatolar
- Odamlar uchun which ishlatish: «The man which lives here» xato, «who» yoki «that» kerak.
- Relative clause ichida ortiqcha olmosh qo'shish: «The book that I read it» xato; o'zbek tilidagi kabi «uni» kerak emas: «The book that I read».
- Non-defining gapda that ishlatish va vergulni tushirish: «My car, that is old,...» xato; «which» va vergul kerak.
- Whose o'rniga who's yozish: who's = who is. Egalik uchun faqat whose.
- Ortiqcha «he» qo'yish: «The man who he lives here» emas, «who lives here».