Scorify.uzEgalik sifatlari: my, your, his...
Egalik sifati otdan oldin keladi va ot o'zgarmaydi. Uning oldiga a/an/the qo'yilmaydi: «my the book» xato.
Bitta muhim farq: o'zbek tilida «u» jinsni ko'rsatmaydi, ingliz tilida esa his (erkak) va her (ayol) alohida. Tanlov egasining jinsiga bog'liq, narsaning jinsiga emas: Ali and his sister, Dilnoza and her brother. Ko'plikda hamma uchun bitta so'z ishlatiladi: their, our. Masalan, Ali and Dilnoza and their children (Ali va Dilnoza va ularning bolalari).
Egalik sifatlarini eslab qolishning oson yo'li: ularni shaxs olmoshlari bilan yonma-yon yodlang: I – my, you – your, he – his, she – her, we – our, they – their. Har bir juftlikni gapda ikki marta ayting. Yozma ishlarda esa egalik sifatini ot bilan tekshirib chiqing: ot oldida albatta my, your, his, her, our yoki their bo'lishi kerak, bo'lmasa the yoki a turishi kerak, ikkalasi birga emas.
| Kim | Inglizcha | O'zbekcha qo'shimcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| men | my | -im | my phone: telefonim |
| sen | your | -ing | your phone: telefoning |
| u (erkak) | his | -i | his phone: uning telefoni |
| u (ayol) | her | -i | her phone: uning telefoni |
| u (narsa, hayvon) | its | -i | its tail: uning dumi |
| biz | our | -imiz | our house: uyimiz |
| siz | your | -ingiz | your house: uyingiz |
| ular | their | -lari | their house: ularning uyi |
- My name is Sardor and this is my family. — Ismim Sardor, bu mening oilam.
- Where is your bag? — Sumkangiz qayerda?
- She loves her job. — U ishini yaxshi ko'radi.
- The cat is washing its paws. — Mushuk panjalarini yuvyapti.
Egalik 's: Ali's book
Odam yoki hayvon nomiga 's qo'shsak, «kimning» ma'nosi chiqadi. Ingliz tilida tartib «egasi + 's + narsa»: Ali's book. O'zbekchada «Alining kitobi» deymiz, ya'ni egasidan keyin -ning, narsadan keyin -i qo'shimchasi keladi. Ingliz tilida esa bitta belgi, ya'ni 's yetarli, narsaning o'zi esa o'zgarmaydi.
- Birlikdagi ot: the teacher's car (o'qituvchining mashinasi), my mother's phone.
- -s bilan tugagan ko'plik ot: faqat apostrof: the students' books (talabalarning kitoblari), my parents' house.
- -s bilan tugamagan ko'plik ot: 's: the children's room (bolalar xonasi), women's clothes.
- Ismi -s bilan tugasa ikkala shakl ham mumkin: James's car yoki James' car.
- This is Malika's brother. — Bu Malikaning akasi.
- The boys' team won the game. — O'g'il bolalar jamoasi o'yinda g'alaba qozondi.
- Is that the manager's office? — Bu menejerning xonasimi?
Mine, yours, hers: ot kerak emas
Ot tushirib qoldirilganda egalik olmoshlari ishlatiladi: «Bu kitob menikimi?» — «Ha, meniki». Ular o'zbekcha «-niki» shakliga mos keladi.
| Egalik sifati + ot | Mustaqil olmosh | O'zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| my book | mine | meniki |
| your book | yours | seniki / sizniki |
| his book | his | uniki |
| her book | hers | uniki |
| our book | ours | bizniki |
| their book | theirs | ularniki |
- Is this pen yours? No, it's mine. — Bu ruchka sizlarnikimi? Yo'q, meniki.
- Our flat is small, but theirs is big. — Bizning kvartiramiz kichik, ularniki esa katta.
O'zbek tili bilan solishtirish
O'zbek tilida egalik qo'shimchasi otga yopishadi va uning oxirgi tovushi o'zgarishi mumkin: kitob → kitobim, bola → bolam. Ingliz tilida ot hech o'zgarmaydi, hamma ish my, your, his kabi so'zga yuklangan. Shuning uchun gap tuzishda avval kimniki ekanini, keyin nimaligini aytasiz: my + bag.
Yana bir farq: o'zbek tilida «uning» erkak va ayolga bir xil, ingliz tilida his/her. Bundan tashqari, tana a'zolari va kiyim haqida ham egalik so'zi kerak: Wash your hands (qo'llaringizni yuving), He put on his jacket (u kurtkasini kiydi). O'zbek tilida «qo'l yuv» desak ham yetadi, ingliz tilida esa the emas, your aytiladi.
- Brush your teeth before bed. — Yotishdan oldin tishingizni yuving.
- He lost his keys, so he called his wife. — U kalitlarini yo'qotdi va xotiniga qo'ng'iroq qildi.
- Sevara and her parents live in Samarkand. — Sevara va uning ota-onasi Samarqandda yashaydi.
Kimniki? Whose
Egasini so'rash uchun whose ishlatiladi: Whose bag is this? — It's Ali's. / It's mine. Javobda egasining ismi 's bilan yoki mine, his, hers, ours, theirs kabi olmosh ishlatiladi. Ot qayta aytilmaydi: Whose is this? — It's hers.
- Whose keys are these? They're my father's. — Bu kimning kalitlari? Ular dadamniki.
O'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun tipik xatolar
- Egalik sifatidan oldin artikl qo'yish: «the my phone» xato, my phone.
- His va her ni adashtirish: ingliz tilida egasi ayolmi yoki erkakmi, shuning ahamiyati bor. Bu yerda o'zbekcha «uning» yordam bermaydi.
- It's bilan its ni aralashtirish: it's = it is, its = uning. «The dog wagged it's tail» xato.
- Apostrofni ko'plik uchun ishlatish: «two book's» xato, two books. Apostrof faqat egalik yoki qisqartma uchun.
- Narsaga 's qo'shish: «the table's leg» o'rniga odatda the leg of the table yoki the table leg aytiladi.
- Mine dan keyin ot qo'yish: «mine book» xato, my book yoki The book is mine.