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IELTS vocabulary

IELTS Linking Words and Phrases for Writing

Linking words connect ideas and make your writing easy to follow, but only when they fit the logic. Use this list to choose the connector that matches the relationship between your sentences.

Adding and giving examples

Word or phraseMeaningExample
in additionalso, as another pointIn addition, public transport reduces air pollution.
furthermoreused to add a stronger pointFurthermore, remote work saves commuting time.
for instanceintroducing an exampleMany cities, for instance Oslo, have created car-free zones.
such asintroducing examples inside a sentenceSubjects such as maths and languages are essential.
in particularhighlighting a specific pointYoung people, in particular, are affected by social media.
not only … but alsoadding two related ideasIt not only saves money but also reduces stress.

Contrast and concession

Word or phraseMeaningExample
howevershowing a contrast with a previous sentenceHowever, this policy has a serious drawback.
whereascontrasting two things in one sentenceCars are fast, whereas bicycles are cheaper.
althoughaccepting a point but giving a different viewAlthough online learning is convenient, it lacks social contact.
admittedlyaccepting a point before disagreeingAdmittedly, the cost is high, but the benefits are greater.
on the other handintroducing an opposite viewOn the other hand, some people prefer to work in an office.
neverthelessdespite what was just saidNevertheless, the plan deserves support.

Cause, result and purpose

Word or phraseMeaningExample
because ofshowing cause before a nounMany roads are closed because of heavy snow.
as a resultshowing a consequenceAs a result, more people are choosing to cycle.
thereforefor this reasonTherefore, governments should invest in training.
consequentlyas a consequenceConsequently, employers struggle to find skilled workers.
so thatshowing purposeSchools offer evening classes so that adults can study.
lead tocause a resultLong working hours can lead to stress.

Concluding and summarising

Word or phraseMeaningExample
in conclusionstarting the final paragraphIn conclusion, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
to sum upsummarising brieflyTo sum up, a balanced approach is best.
overallconsidering everythingOverall, I believe tougher rules are necessary.
given these pointsbased on what has been saidGiven these points, a ban seems justified.
on balanceafter considering both sidesOn balance, the benefits are greater.
all things consideredtaking everything into accountAll things considered, remote work benefits most employees.

How to use these words well

  • Do not start every sentence with a connector; vary sentence beginnings.
  • Check the punctuation: “however” usually has a comma after it.
  • Choose the connector for the logic, not for the sound of it.

Study guides

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